Neanderthals knew how to control fire and used it to cook food. Researchers have learned about their habits and diet from the traces found near hearths. Plos One has just published a study that sums up twenty years of archaeological excavations at the Gruta da Oliveira, a cave in central Portugal, which comes to a striking conclusion: Neanderthals were as intelligent as Homo sapiens. UniTrento archaeologist Diego Angelucci: "More than different species, I would speak of different human forms"